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Home » Articles » The order of the design industry
Projects refrigeration
businesses run on general provisions, elaborated
to streamline the design
and construction of new industrial enterprises of all
species, reconstruction
and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.
Implementation of
projects assigned to design organizations. When developing projects,
they
should provide advanced
technical level and high cost-effectiveness
projected enterprises in
order to under construction or reconstruction company to
time putting them into
effect were technically advanced and had high rates of
productivity and product
quality, and on working conditions meet the high
requirements.
The task of designing is
the creation of such technical documentation that will
reproduce in kind company
which meets the requirements and conditions, post-
services issued prior to
this venture.
Design of industrial
enterprises should be based on technical
feasibility study (FS),
confirming the economic feasibility and ho-
tural need for design and
construction (reconstruction) of the enterprise.
Construction or
reconstruction of the enterprises is intended to ensure compliance
long-term development
plan for the industry. Feasibility study
prepared by the customer (economic
organization) with the
assistance of the planning organization, which will be to design Ob-
EKTA.
In drawing up the
feasibility study to choose the site for construction companies and
related
objects. Venue construction
company is selected in the area or item specified
scheme development and
deployment of industry, to which the new
enterprise, and schema
development and deployment of the productive forces of economic regions
country. The complex of works on
siting, design and survey carried out
organizations include the
economic calculations and engineering research, allowing
establish economic
viability and technical feasibility of proposed
building in this
location. Much attention should be
on compliance
legislation on nature
protection.
When the feasibility
study determined the estimated cost of construction enterprises.
Feasibility study
approved by the parent organization in relation to the contracting
authority.
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Based on the approved
feasibility study gives the customer project organization job
design. Project organization
should participate directly in
development of job
design. It outlines the
requirements and conditions that must
meet the projected
object. The structure assignment
for the design of industrial
businesses include the
following information: name of the company; basis for
design (government
regulation, or order from a superior, economical
organization); type of
construction (new, renovation, expansion); area, location and market
construction,
characteristics of products, expected to be released by the enterprise;
performance or production
capacity, the main sources
supply enterprises with
raw materials, electricity, water, fuel, scheduled specialization and
clustering, the
possibility of expanding business in the future, the volume
capital investment
requirements for environmental protection, construction period and
sequence of input
capacity, the name of the design and construction
organization. Specifying the design
approved by the parent organization.
Project organization -
the general designer - for each projected
company to appoint a
chief engineer of the project, which is organizing and governing
duction design and survey
work, coordinates the work of designers
all parts of the project
(construction, technology, refrigeration, energy, etc.) n
responsible for the
timing and quality of work throughout the term of design and
construction to
enterprise development
capacity. To carry out engineering
surveys, as well as
parts of the draft
general designer can be involved in subcontracting
specialized
organizations.
Planners must: apply in
projects effective processes,
high-performance
equipment to ensure the highest productivity
and high quality
products; correctly determine the estimated cost of equipment and
construction; to ensure
reliability and safety of engineered structures,
facilities and safe
working conditions. Optimal design decisions
in some cases
can be selected on the
basis of variant elaborations.
Designing of the
enterprises, buildings and structures may be carried out in two stages
of fire is one.
In a two-stage design
stages of the project are: 1) technical project, 2) pa-
bochie drawings. When designing a single
stage is carried out techno-working draft.
Design and bottom of
stage allowed for large and complex industrial
complexes, as well as for
companies with undeveloped new production technology, with
the use of head samples
of complex technological equipment or special
difficult construction
conditions. Typically, the same for
the construction of low-tech
businesses, buildings and
structures developed techno-working draft. At one stage
designed objects for the
construction of which is expected to use standard
projects and re-applied
cost of individual projects.
At the stage of technical
project addressed the major issues of the project, such as the
development
master plan for the
territory of the enterprise, process design, calculations and
selection of equipment,
automation of production processes, procurement of raw materials
materials, energy,
security of production personnel, organization and economics
production, as well as
technical and economic indicators. All engineering
calculations shall
with the possible
completeness and obligatory justification of the choices made. In addition,
through the
implementation of estimates is determined by the cost of construction. Completed technical
project is reviewed and
approved.
In accordance with the
approved technical design is executed the second stage of the project -
working drawings. They allow you to
reproduce in nature projected object in all its
detail. Working drawings provide
constructive solutions that provide strength,
reliability and
durability of buildings and equipment. At this stage the
refinement and detail
provided technical design decisions to the extent of
this is necessary for
production of construction and installation works. At the same time
prohibits excessive
detail and it is proposed not to repeat the drawings of typical
structures and
solutions, as well as
materials regulations.
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In the techno-working
draft should be addressed the same issues as in the two-stage
design, but to reduce the
amount and duration of the project materials
Design in the
techno-working draft should be given only to those drawings,
calculations and other
data are not available in
standard and re-applied projects.
The number of stages of
the project is set in the job design. Established order
design allows the lowest
cost of labor and time to investigate the possibility and
feasibility of the
proposed construction, timely detect possible errors
in addressing fundamental
questions of the project, to find the most economical and progressive
re-
sheniya.
Important role in the
construction of enterprises, buildings and structures are standard
designs.
Development of standard
project aims to ensure the construction of massive or multiple
repeating the same type
of enterprises willing to design materials which
construction and
installation work must be carried out after the necessary bindings
project
to the site of
construction, ie, after making a draft of relatively small changes
related to local
conditions point where the construction work.
Typical design projects
include the development of standard industrial
enterprises, shops,
buildings with the establishment, especially certain grades
(Series) of performance,
size or other key indicators. For example, if
developed model projects
single-story distribution of refrigerators with a number of tanks
at 300, 600, 1500, 3000,
5500, 10 000 and 15 000 tonnes, the further distribution
Refrigerators should be
built only with a capacity equal to one of the numbers of this series.
Construction of the
refrigerator with a capacity that does not meet one of the numbers of a
number would require
Special (individual)
project, and therefore would have been expensive and lengthy than for
standard project. Typical projects under
development in one or two stages depending on
novelty or complexity of
the object.
When designing the model
unified sizes repetitive
elements and parts of
buildings, structures, and are typical sections, units and parts of
buildings, and
structures. Such standardization
makes it easier and cheaper not only design, but
building as well as model
elements can be manufactured in large numbers in factories with
use of mechanized and
commercialization. Such an organization
design and
construction offers great
opportunities to improve their quality. Model
design also includes the
development and use of generic technology
processes, which
contributes to unification of the applied technology equipment, as well
as
cheaper and faster
design. In connection with this
model design is very
great advantages over the
individual, and the latter can only apply
it is impossible to use
standard project.
In applying the model
projects prohibited their processing. Perhaps only the payment
changes in the working
drawings for the referenced project to the construction site. Such
changes arise, for
example, because of the different nature of the soil on the construction
site
compared with those on
which the calculation was carried out in a typical project; different
temperature conditions on
construction site as
compared with the model adopted in the project, etc.
When performing any
object must not only seek to reduce the cost
construction, but also to
create conditions for reducing the unit cost of production and
improve its quality
compared to products produced by similar
existing enterprises.
The order of the design industry - The order of the design industry
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